phlegm

• n. 痰；粘液；粘液质

中文词源

来自拉丁语phlegma,痰，黏液（古医学体液理论构成人体的血液，黏液，胆汁，黑胆汁四种体液之一），来自希腊语phlegma,发热，由体热所致的多痰症，来自phlegein,燃烧，发热，来自PIE*bhel,照耀，燃烧，词源同blaze,bleach.后在中世纪医学理论认为体内多痰会致人冷淡，迟钝，但是，被误解为冷淡是冷静，镇定的表现，因此，产生模糊和矛盾的词义。

英文词源

phlegm

phlegm: [14] Greek phlégma denoted ‘bodily fluid produced by inflammation’ (it was a derivative of phlégein ‘burn’, which went back to the same Indo-European base as produced English flagrant, flame, fulminate, and phlox [18] – in Greek literally ‘flame’). As Latin phlegma it came to be used for ‘body fluid’ in general, and was incorporated into the medieval system of bodily humours as a term for the ‘cold moist humour’, which induced sluggishness (whence the meaning of the derivative phlegmatic [16]).

This came to be associated in the late Middle Ages with ‘mucus, particularly as produced in the respiratory passage’. English acquired the word via Old French fleume as fleume, and did not revert to the latinate form until the 16th century.
=> flagrant, flame, fulminate, phlox

phlegm (n.)

late 14c., fleem "viscid mucus" (the stuff itself and also regarded as a bodily humor), from Old French fleume (13c., Modern French flegme), from Late Latin phlegma, one of the four humors of the body, from Greek phlegma "humor caused by heat," lit "inflammation, heat," from phlegein "to burn," related to phlox (genitive phlogos) "flame, blaze," from PIE *bhleg- "to shine, flash," from root *bhel- (1) "to shine, flash, burn" (see bleach (v.)). Modern form is attested from c. 1660. The "cold, moist" humor of the body, in medieval physiology, it was believed to cause apathy.

双语例句

1. His throat congested with phlegm.

他的喉咙被痰塞住了.

来自《简明英汉词典》

2. Blood in phlegm can be a sign of lung cancer.

痰中带血可能是肺癌的体征.

来自辞典例句

3. When did you first notice blood in your phlegm?

你什么时候开始发现你的痰里有血的?

来自互联网

4. He coughs up a lot of phlegm thick spit on most days.

他多半时间咳出浓浓的痰.

来自互联网

5. Slight yellow greasy coating indicates much phlegm and dampness.

微黄厚腻苔--较多内生有形痰湿.

来自互联网