exile
英['eksaɪl;'egz-]
美['ɛksaɪl]
- n. 流放，充军；放逐，被放逐者；流犯
- vt. 放逐，流放；使背井离乡
词态变化
复数: exiles;第三人称单数: exiles;过去式: exiled;过去分词: exiled;现在分词: exiling;
助记提示
1. ex- + sil- (from soil) + -e.
中文词源
exile 流亡
ex-, 向外。-sil, 拿，带，召集，词源同consul, counsel.引申义扔出去的，流亡。
英文词源
- exile
- exile: [13] Latin exul meant ‘banished person’. This was formed from the prefix ex- ‘out’ and a prehistoric Indo-European base *ul- ‘go’ (represented also in Latin ambulāre ‘walk’, source of English amble and ambulance). From it was created the noun exilium ‘banishment’, which in Old French became essil. This was subsequently remodelled to exil, on the basis of its Latin source, and passed on to English.
=> amble, ambulance - exile (v.)
- c. 1300, from Old French essillier "exile, banish, expel, drive off" (12c.), from Late Latin exilare/exsilare, from Latin exilium/exsilium "banishment, exile; place of exile," from exul "banished person," from ex- "away" (see ex-) + PIE root *al- (2) "to wander" (cognates: Greek alaomai "to wander, stray, or roam about"). In ancient times folk etymology derived the second element from Latin solum "soil." Related: Exiled; exiling.
- exile (n.)
- c. 1300, "forced removal from one's country," from Old French exil, essil (12c.), from Latin exilium "banishment; place of exile" (see exile (v.)). From c. 1300 as "a banished person," from Latin exsul, exul.
Several etymologies are possible. It might be a derivative of a verb *ex-sulere 'to take out' to the root *selh- 'to take', cf. consul and consulere; hence exsul 'the one who is taken out'. It might belong to amb-ulare *-al- 'to walk', hence 'who walks out'. It might even belong to *helh-, the root of [Greek elauno] 'to drive': ex-ul 'who is driven out' [de Vaan, "Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages"]
双语例句
- 1. Rovers lost 4-1 and began their long exile from the First Division.
- 流浪者队以1比4落败，从此开始长期无缘甲级联赛。
来自柯林斯例句
- 2. He was vilified, hounded, and forced into exile by the FBI.
- 他遭到了联邦调查局的诬蔑和追捕，被迫流亡国外。
来自柯林斯例句
- 3. During his exile, he also began writing books.
- 在流放期间，他也开始写书。
来自柯林斯例句
- 4. He is now living in exile in Egypt.
- 他目前流亡埃及。
来自柯林斯例句
- 5. He returned from exile earlier this year.
- 今年早些时候他流亡归来。
来自柯林斯例句